Umuyaga Turbine-Igisubizo gishya cyingufu zubusa

Imbaraga z'umuyaga ni iki?

Abantu bakoresheje imbaraga zumuyaga mumyaka ibihumbi. Umuyaga wimuye ubwato ku ruzi rwa Nili, wavobye amazi kandi ugashimangira ingano, gishyigikiwe n'ibiryo n'ibindi byinshi. Uyu munsi, ingufu za kinetic n'imbaraga zindege karemano zitwa umuyaga ukoreshwa murwego runini kugirango ushyire amashanyarazi. Imwe, izuba rigezweho umuyaga turbine rishobora kubyara megawatt irenze 8 (MW) yingufu, bihagije kugirango imbaraga zisukuye hafi amazu esheshatu. Umurima wa Onshore Umuyaga wa Megawatt wa Megawatts, ukora ingufu z'umuyaga, imwe mu mbaraga zingana kandi zisukuye kandi zisukuye kandi byoroshye ku isi.

Imbaraga z'umuyaga nicyo giciro cyo hasi-giciro cyingufu nyinshi zisukuye kandi nisoko nini yingufu zishobora kongerwa muri Amerika muri iki gihe. Hano hari turbine zigera ku 60.000 zifite umutungo uhuriweho na Megawatt 105.583 (MW). Ibyo birahagije ku butegetsi amazu arenga miliyoni 32!

Usibye kugira uruhare runini mugutanga imbaraga, ibisubizo byumuyaga birafasha kandi amasosiyete yubucuruzi yemeza intego ninshingano zishobora kwiringirwa hamwe nimbaraga zisukuye.

Ibyiza by'ingufu z'umuyaga:

1. Imitwe yumuyaga mubisanzwe yishyura imyuka yubuzima bwubuzima bujyanye no kubohereza mugihe kitarenze umwaka, mbere yo gutanga imyaka 30 y'amashanyarazi kubuntu.
2. Ingufu z'umuyaga zifasha kugabanya imyuka ya karubon dioxyde - muri 2018, yirinze toni miliyoni 201 zikamyo za C02.
3. Ingufu z'umuyaga zitanga imisoro kubaturage bakira imishinga. Kurugero, leta nishyurwa ryimisoro yibanze kumishinga yumuyaga muri Texas yategetse miliyoni 237 z'amadolari.
4. Inganda z'umuyaga zishyigikira guhanga imirimo, cyane cyane mugihe cyo kubaka. Inganda zashyigikiye akazi 114.000 muri Amerika muri 2018.
5. Ingufu z'umuyaga zitanga isoko yinjira rihamye, yinyongera: Imishinga yumuyaga yishyura miliyari zirenga miliyari 1 z'amadolari n'inzego z'ibanze n'abo mu mwaka.

Umushinga w'amashanyarazi umeze ute?

Umushinga cyangwa umurima bivuga umubare munini wumubiri wumuyaga wubatswe hamwe kandi ukore cyane nkigihingwa cyamashanyarazi, kohereza amashanyarazi kuri gride.

Imbaraga zimumiryango umupaka i umushinga mu Ntara ya Kay, Okla. Imbere imaze kurangira, imipaka I na II izabyara Megawatt ya 550 ya Megawatt yingufu - bihagije kubutegetsi bwa 193,000.

Nigute turbine yumuyaga ikora?

Imbaraga zitangwa binyuze mu kuzunguruka umuyaga umuyaga ugakoresha imbaraga za kinetic zo kugenda umwuka, uhinduka amashanyarazi. Igitekerezo cyibanze nuko turbine yumuyaga ikoresha ibyuma kugirango bakusanye imbaraga zumuyaga ningufu za kinetic. Umuyaga uhindura ibyuma, bizunguruka rotor ihujwe na generator kugirango ikore ingufu zamashanyarazi.

Turbine nyinshi zifite ibice bine byibanze:

• Blades yometse kuri hub, izunguruka nkuko bigaragara. Ibuye na Hub hamwe gukora rotor.
• Amazu ya Nacelle, generator hamwe nibigize amashanyarazi. \
• Umunara ufashe ibuye rya rotor n'ibisekuru hejuru yubutaka.
• Urufatiro rufite uduce ahantu hasi.

Ubwoko bwa turbine yumuyaga:

Turbine nini kandi ntoya igwa mubyiciro bibiri byibanze, bishingiye ku cyerekezo cya Rotor: horizontal-axis na barbine-axis.

Uyu munsi, turbine za horizontal-axis ni ubwoko bukoreshwa cyane na turbine yumuyaga uyumunsi. Ubu bwoko bwa turbine buza mubitekerezo mugihe ishushanya imbaraga zumuyaga, hamwe nibuye risa cyane nkindege. Benshi muriyo turbine bafite ibyuma bitatu, nuburebure bwa turbine nubukonje burebure, mubisanzwe amashanyarazi arebwa.

Vertical-axis turbine isa cyane nkamagi kuruta indege. Ibuye ryibi turbine bifatanye hejuru no hepfo ya rotor. Kuberako uhagaritse-axis ntabwo ikora kimwe na bagenzi babo batambitse, ibi birasanzwe cyane muri iki gihe.

Turbine itanga amashanyarazi angahe?

Biterwa. Ingano ya turbine n'umuvuduko wumuyaga binyuze muri rotor blade igena amashanyarazi angahe.

Mu myaka icumi ishize, turbine yumuyaga yabaye ndende, yemerera ibyuma birebire nubushobozi bwo gukoresha umutungo mwiza wumuyaga uboneka murwego rwo hejuru.

Kugirango ushireho ibintu: Turbine yumuyaga hamwe na megawatt ya 1 irashobora kubyara imbaraga zihagije zingo zigera kuri 300 buri mwaka. Turbine yumuyaga ikoreshwa kumirima ishingiye ku butaka isanzwe itanga kuva 1 kugeza kuri 5. Umuvuduko wumuyaga mubisanzwe ukeneye kuba nko mu bilometero 9 kumasaha cyangwa arenga kumuyaga-ubunini bunini bwumuyaga kugirango utangire gutanga amashanyarazi.

Buri bwoko bwumuyaga turbine bushoboye kubyara amashanyarazi ntarengwa murwego rwumuvuduko wumuyaga, akenshi hagati ya kilometero 30 na 55 kumasaha. Ariko, niba umuyaga uhuha gake, umusaruro mubisanzwe ugabanuka ku gipimo cyimurwa aho guhagarara burundu. Kurugero, ingano yingufu zigabanuka kuruhande rwumunani niba umuvuduko wumuyaga uguye igice.

Wakagombye gusuzuma ibisubizo byumuyaga?

Igisekuru cyamashanyarazi gisigaye mubinyamakuru bito bya karubone yisoko iyo ari yo yose. Ifite uruhare rukomeye mugihe kizaza cyigihugu cyacu, gishyigikira inzibacyuho zacu ku isi no gukenera imbaraga zihagije zingufu.

Umuyaga nawo ni bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo gushyiraho ibigo, kaminuza, imigi, ibikorwa n'indi miryango kwimura vuba ingufu zitayu mu kirere ku rugero. Amasezerano amwe yo kugura ingufu (VPPA) arashobora kubona metero icumi ya megawatts ya megawatts ya nenga net zer zer zeru imyaka 10 kugeza kuri 25. Amasezerano menshi nayo ashushanya agasanduku k'uko, bisobanura Net-Girasiyo Nshya isukuye kwimura amasoko ashobora kuba mukuru, menshi asohora.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo gutanga ingufu z'umuyaga?

Hano haribintu bitandatu byibanze kumishinga ingufu zingufu:

• Umuyaga Kuboneka n'ahantu wifuza
• Ingaruka y'ibidukikije
• Ibikorwa byinjiza abaturage hamwe nibikenewe byaho kubisekuru bishobora kongerwa
• Politiki nziza kurwego rwa leta na federasiyo
• Ubutaka
• Ubushobozi bwo guhuza insga

Kimwe nimishinga yubucuruzi Pv, impushya zigomba kandi guhabwa umutekano mbere yo kwishyiriraho amashanyarazi. Iyi ntambwe ikomeye izafasha kumenya niba umushinga umeze neza kandi ufite umwirondoro mwiza. N'ubundi kandi, intego ni ukugira imishinga yumuyaga yubucuruzi itanga electrons muri gride mumyaka mirongo iba. Emeza umwubatsi n'umushinga nijwi ryamafaranga bizatuma intsinzi cyangwa irenga.