Umuyaga Turbine Generator-Igisubizo gishya kububasha bwingufu

Ingufu z'umuyaga ni iki?

Abantu bakoresheje imbaraga z'umuyaga imyaka ibihumbi.Umuyaga wimuye amato ku ruzi rwa Nili, avoma amazi n'ingano zasya, ashyigikira umusaruro w'ibiribwa n'ibindi byinshi.Muri iki gihe, imbaraga za kinetic n'imbaraga z'umuyaga usanzwe witwa umuyaga bikoreshwa ku rugero runini kugirango habeho amashanyarazi.Umuyaga umwe, ugezweho wumuyaga wumuyaga urashobora kubyara megawatt zirenga 8 (MW) zingufu, bihagije kugirango usukure amazu hafi atandatu kumwaka.Imirima yumuyaga ku nkombe itanga megawatt amagana, bigatuma ingufu z'umuyaga ari imwe mu zihenze cyane, zisukuye kandi byoroshye kuboneka ku isi.

Imbaraga z'umuyaga nizo zihenze cyane-nini nini y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa kandi nisoko nini yingufu zishobora kuvugururwa muri Amerika muri iki gihe.Hano hari turbine zigera ku 60.000 zifite ingufu zingana na megawatt 105,583 (MW).Ibyo birahagije guha ingufu amazu arenga miliyoni 32!

Usibye kugira uruhare runini mugutanga ingufu zacu, ibisubizo byingufu zumuyaga binafasha ibigo byubucuruzi kugera ku ntego zishobora kuvugururwa ninshingano zingufu ziringirwa, zisukuye.

Ibyiza by'ingufu z'umuyaga:

1. Umuyaga w’umuyaga usanzwe wishyura ubuzima bwa karubone ubuzima bwose bujyanye no koherezwa mu gihe kitarenze umwaka, mbere yo gutanga imyaka igera kuri 30 y’amashanyarazi adafite karubone.
2. Ingufu z'umuyaga zifasha kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere - muri 2018, yirinze toni miliyoni 201 za metero ziva mu kirere C02.
3. Ingufu z'umuyaga zitanga imisoro kubaturage bakira imishinga.Kurugero, imisoro ya leta n’ibanze ituruka mu mishinga y’umuyaga muri Texas yose hamwe miliyoni 237.
4. Inganda zumuyaga zishyigikira guhanga imirimo, cyane cyane mugihe cyo kubaka.Inganda zateye inkunga imirimo 114.000 muri Amerika muri 2018.
5. Ingufu z'umuyaga zitanga isoko ihamye kandi yinyongera yinjira: Imishinga yumuyaga yishyura miliyari zisaga 1 kubutegetsi bwa leta n’inzego z’ibanze ndetse na ba nyir'ubutaka buri mwaka.

Umushinga w'ingufu z'umuyaga urasa ute?

Umushinga wumuyaga cyangwa umurima bivuga umubare munini wumuyaga wubatswe wubatswe hamwe kandi ukora cyane nkurugomero rwamashanyarazi, rwohereza amashanyarazi kuri gride.

Umushinga wa Frontier Wind power I mu Ntara ya Kay, muri Okla., Yatangiye gukora kuva mu 2016 kandi urimo kwagurwa n'umushinga wa Frontier Wind power II.Nibimara kuzura, Umupaka wa I na II uzabyara megawatt 550 z'ingufu z'umuyaga - zihagije zo guha amazu 193.000.

Nigute Turbine Yumuyaga ikora?

Imbaraga zitangwa binyuze mu kuzunguruka umuyaga ukoresha imbaraga za kinetic yumuyaga ugenda, uhinduka amashanyarazi.Igitekerezo cyibanze nuko turbine yumuyaga ikoresha ibyuma kugirango ikusanye imbaraga zumuyaga ningufu za kinetic.Umuyaga uhindura ibyuma, bizunguruka rotor ihujwe na generator kugirango ikore ingufu z'amashanyarazi.

Turbine nyinshi z'umuyaga zifite ibice bine by'ibanze:

• Icyuma gifatanye na hub, kizunguruka uko ibyuma bihinduka.Icyuma na hub hamwe bikora rotor.
• Nacelle ibamo garebox, generator nibikoresho byamashanyarazi. \
• Umunara ufite ibyuma bya rotor nibikoresho byo hejuru hejuru yubutaka.
• Urufatiro rufata turbine mu butaka.

Ubwoko bwa Turbine Yumuyaga:

Turbine nini na nto ziri mu byiciro bibiri by'ibanze, bishingiye ku cyerekezo cya rotor: horizontal-axis na vertical-axis turbine.

Horizontal-axis turbine kugeza ubu ni ubwoko bukoreshwa cyane bwumuyaga wa turbine muri iki gihe.Ubu bwoko bwa turbine buza mubitekerezo iyo bishushanya imbaraga zumuyaga, hamwe nibyuma bisa cyane na moteri yindege.Byinshi muribi turbine bifite ibyuma bitatu, kandi birebire bya turbine kandi birebire, mubisanzwe amashanyarazi menshi.

Vertical-axis turbine irasa cyane nkintanga yamagi kuruta icyuma cyindege.Ibyuma bya turbine bifatanye hejuru no hepfo ya rotor ihagaritse.Kuberako vertical-axis turbine idakora neza nka horizontal igereranya, ibi ntibisanzwe cyane muri iki gihe.

Turbine itanga amashanyarazi angahe?

Biterwa.Ingano ya turbine n'umuvuduko wumuyaga unyuze muri rotor igena umubare w'amashanyarazi akorwa.

Mu myaka icumi ishize, turbine z'umuyaga zabaye ndende, zituma ibyuma birebire ndetse n'ubushobozi bwo gukoresha umutungo mwiza w’umuyaga uboneka ahantu hirengeye.

Gushyira ibintu mubitekerezo: Turbine yumuyaga ifite megawatt 1 yingufu zirashobora gutanga ingufu zihagije kumazu agera kuri 300 buri mwaka.Umuyaga ukoreshwa mu murima ushingiye ku butaka usanzwe ubyara megawatt 1.Umuvuduko wumuyaga mubisanzwe ugomba kuba hafi kilometero 9 kumasaha cyangwa arenga kuri turbine nini yingirakamaro kugirango itangire gutanga amashanyarazi.

Buri bwoko bwa turbine yumuyaga burashobora gutanga amashanyarazi ntarengwa murwego rwumuyaga, akenshi mubirometero 30 na 55 kumasaha.Ariko, niba umuyaga uhuha cyane, ubusanzwe umusaruro ugabanuka kumuvuduko mwinshi aho guhagarara burundu.Kurugero, ingano yingufu zitangwa zigabanukaho umunani niba umuvuduko wumuyaga ugabanutseho kimwe cya kabiri.

Wakagombye gutekereza ku mbaraga z'umuyaga?

Umuyaga w'amashanyarazi ukomeza kuba mubirenge bito bya karubone bituruka ku mbaraga zose.Ifite uruhare runini mu gihe kizaza cy’igihugu cyacu gitanga ingufu, gishyigikira impinduka z’ingufu ku isi ndetse no kongera ingufu z’ingufu zirambye.

Umuyaga kandi ni bumwe muburyo bwiza bwibigo, za kaminuza, imijyi, ibikorwa byimiryango nandi mashyirahamwe kugirango bihinduke vuba ingufu zitagira imyuka ihumanya.Amasezerano amwe yo kugura amashanyarazi (VPPA) arashobora kubona megawatt icumi kugeza kuri magana yumuriro wa net zero mumyaka 10 kugeza 25.Amasezerano menshi kandi yerekana agasanduku kongeweho, bivuze net-nshya yingufu zituruka kumasoko yimuka ishobora kuba ishaje, itanga ingufu nyinshi.

Nuwuhe mwanya mwiza kumushinga wingufu zumuyaga?

Hano haribintu bitandatu byibanze kubikorwa byingufu zumuyaga:

• Umuyaga uboneka hamwe n’ahantu wifuza
• Ingaruka ku bidukikije
• Umuganda winjiza nibikenewe byaho kubyara ingufu zishobora kubaho
• Politiki nziza kurwego rwa leta na reta
• Kuboneka kubutaka
• Ubushobozi bwo guhuza amashanyarazi

Kimwe nubucuruzi bwimirasire yizuba PV, impushya nazo zigomba kuba zifite umutekano mbere yuko amashanyarazi atangira.Iyi ntambwe ikomeye izafasha kumenya niba umushinga ufite imbaraga zamafaranga kandi ufite umwirondoro mwiza.Nyuma ya byose, intego ni ukugira imishinga yubucuruzi nini yubucuruzi itanga electron kuri gride mumyaka mirongo iri imbere.Kwemeza ko umwubatsi KANDI umushinga umeze neza mubukungu bizagufasha gutsinda kubisekuru cyangwa byinshi.