Gushiraho no Kubungabunga Inzira ntoya yamashanyarazi

Uwakoze sisitemu yumuyaga, cyangwa umucuruzi aho waguze, ugomba kugufasha gushiraho sisitemu yamashanyarazi. Urashobora kwishyiriraho sisitemu wenyine - ariko mbere yo kugerageza umushinga, ibaze ibibazo bikurikira:

• Nshobora gusuka Fougo gikwiye?
• Mfite uburyo bwo kuzamura cyangwa uburyo bwo gushiraho umunara neza?
• Nzi itandukaniro riri hagati yo guhinduranya ubundi (ac) hamwe no kuvuza ibikubiyemo (DC)?
• Nzi bihagije amashanyarazi kugirango wire umutekano wanjye neza?
• Nzi uburyo bwo gukora neza no gushiraho bateri?

Niba wasubije oya kubibazo byavuzwe haruguru, birashoboka ko ugomba guhitamo uburyo bwashyizweho na sisitemu yo guhuza sisitemu cyangwa gushiraho. Menyesha Uruganda kugirango ubafashe, cyangwa ubaze ibiro byingufu za leta nibikoresho byaho kurutonde rwa sisitemu yaho. Urashobora kandi kugenzura impapuro z'umuhondo kubatanga ingufu za sisitemu.

Gushiraho kwizewe birashobora gutanga izindi serivisi nko kwemerera. Shakisha niba uwishyiriraho ari amashanyarazi yemerewe, hanyuma usabe ibyerekeranye no kugenzura. Urashobora kandi gushaka kugenzura hamwe na Biro nziza yubucuruzi.

Hamwe no kwishyiriraho no kubungabunga neza, gahunda ntoya yamashanyarazi igomba kumara imyaka 20 cyangwa irenga. Kubungabunga ngarukamwaka birashobora kubamo:

• Kugenzura no gukomera kuri bolts hamwe namashanyarazi nkuko bikenewe
• Kugenzura imashini za ruswa n'umusore insinga kugirango uhagarike
• Kugenzura no gusimbuza kaseti ishaje yambaye kuri blade ya turbine, niba bibaye ngombwa
• Gusimbuza ibyuma bya turbine na / cyangwa birenge nyuma yimyaka 10 nibiba ngombwa.

Niba udafite ubuhanga bwo kubungabunga sisitemu, insimburangingo yawe irashobora gutanga gahunda ya serivisi na gahunda yo kubungabunga.

Uruganda rwawe rukora cyangwa umucuruzi rurashobora kandi kugufasha kubona ahantu heza kuri sisitemu yumuyaga. Ibitekerezo rusange birimo:

• Ibitekerezo byumuyaga- Niba utuye ahantu hagoye, witondere guhitamo kurubuga. Niba wubatse umuyaga wawe hejuru cyangwa kuruhande rwumusozi, kurugero, uzagira uburyo bwinshi bwo kubona umuyaga wiganje kuruta muburyo bworoshye cyangwa ku musozi. Urashobora kugira umutungo utandukanye wumuyaga mumitungo imwe. Usibye gupima cyangwa kumenya kubyerekeye umuvuduko wumwaka wa buri mwaka, ugomba kumenya kubyerekeye amabwiriza yiganje kumuyaga kurubuga rwawe. Usibye imiterere ya geologiya, ugomba gusuzuma inzitizi zihari, nkibiti, amazu, na sheds. Ugomba kandi gutegura inzitizi zizaza, nkinyubako nshya cyangwa ibiti bitageze hejuru yuburebure bwuzuye. Turbine yawe ikeneye gutandukanya inyubako n'ibiti byose, kandi bigomba kuba metero 30 hejuru y'ibintu byose muri metero 300.
• Ibitekerezo bya sisitemu- Witondere kuva mucyumba gihagije cyo kuzamura no kugabanya umunara wo kubungabunga. Niba umunara wawe wateguwe, ugomba kwemerera umwanya umusore insinga. Niba sisitemu ihagaze-wenyine cyangwa grid-yonyine, nawe uzakenera gufata uburebure bwinsinga ziruka hagati ya turbine numutwaro (inzu, bateri, ibipurure byamazi, nibindi) Mubitekerezo. Umubare munini w'amashanyarazi urashobora gutakara kubera kurwanya insinga - igihe kirekire cyiruka, amashanyarazi arenze. Gukoresha byinshi cyangwa binini bizagutera ikiguzi cyo kwishyiriraho. Insinga yawe ikora igihombo irakomeye mugihe ufite itaziguye (DC) aho gusimburana (ac). Niba ufite insinga ndende, nibyiza kugoreka dc kugeza ac.

Imitwe mito yumuyaga ikoreshwa mubisabwa gutura mubisanzwe bigenda mubunini kuva kuri 400 watareba kugeza 20, bitewe namashanyarazi ushaka kubyara.

Urugo rusanzwe rukoresha hafi amasaha 10.932 Kilowat-Amashanyarazi kumwaka (hafi 911 kilowatt-amasaha buri kwezi). Ukurikije umuvuduko wumuyaga muri ako gace, turbine yumuyaga yashyizwe mu ntera ya 5-15 za kilowat zasabwa gutanga umusanzu ukomeye muri iki cyifuzo. Umuvuduko wumuyaga 1.5-kibine uzahura nibikenewe murugo bisaba amasaha 300 ya kilowatt

Kugufasha kumenya ingano yubunini uzakenera, ubanza ushireho ingengo yimari. Kuberako imbaraga zingufu zidahari zihenze kuruta umusaruro w'ingufu, ugabanya imikoreshereze y'amashanyarazi yawe birashoboka ko bizatwara neza kandi bizagabanya ubunini bwa turbine yumuyaga ukeneye.

Uburebure bw'umunara wa Turbine w'umuyaga kandi bigira ingaruka ku mashanyarazi angahe turbine izabyara. Uruganda rugomba kugufasha kumenya uburebure bwa umunara uzakenera.

Ikigereranyo cyingufu ngarukamwaka ziva muri turbine yumuyaga (mu masaha ya kilowatt.

Uruganda rwa turbine rurbine rushobora kugufasha kugereranya umusaruro w'ingufu ushobora kwitega. Uyu wagukora azakoresha kubara ashingiye kuri ibyo bintu:

• By'umwihariko umuyaga
• Impuzandengo yumuyaga wa buri mwaka kurubuga rwawe
• Uburebure bw'umunara uteganya gukoresha
• Gukwirakwiza Umuyaga - Ikigereranyo cyamasaha yumuyaga umuyaga uzahuha kuri buri muvuduko mugihe cyumwaka mpuzandengo.

Uyu wagumye agomba no guhindura uku kubara kugirango agere kurubuga rwawe.

Kugirango ubone ikigereranyo kibanza cyimikorere yumuyaga wa turbine yumuyaga, urashobora gukoresha formula ikurikira:

Aeo = 0.01328 d²V³

Aho:

• Aeo = Ibisohoka byingufu buri mwaka (Kiloatt-Amasaha / Umwaka)
• D = rotor diameter, ibirenge
• V = Impuzandengo yumwaka, ibirometero-kumasaha (mph), kurubuga rwawe

Icyitonderwa: Itandukaniro riri hagati yimbaraga nimbaraga nizo mbaraga (kilowatts) nigipimo cyamashanyarazi kibiribwa, mugihe ingufu (kilowatt) ni ingano yakoreshejwe.

Sisitemu ntoya yumuyaga irashobora guhuzwa na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Ibi byitwa sisitemu ihujwe na grid. Umuyaga wa grid uhujwe urashobora kugabanya amashanyarazi ahabwa amashanyarazi atangwa kumurika, ibikoresho, nubushyuhe bwamashanyarazi. Niba turbine idashobora gutanga imbaraga ukeneye, akamaro bigize itandukaniro. Iyo sisitemu yumuyaga itanga amashanyarazi menshi kurenza urugo rwawe arasaba, ibirenze byoherejwe cyangwa bigurishwa mubiti.

Hamwe nubu bwoko bwa gride, turbine yumuyaga wawe izakora gusa mugihe grid ikoreshwa irahari. Mugihe cyo gusohoka kwamashanyarazi, turbine yumuyaga isabwa guhagarika kubera impungenge z'umutekano.

Sisitemu-ihujwe na grid irashobora gufatika niba ibintu bikurikira bibaho:

• Utuye mu gace ufite impuzandengo y'umuyaga wa buri mwaka byibura ibirometero 10 kumasaha (metero 4,5 kumasegonda).
• Amashanyarazi yatanzwe-ahenze mukarere kawe (hafi 10-15 kumasaha ya Kilowatt-isaha).
• Ibisabwa byingirakamaro muguhuza sisitemu yawe muri gride yayo ntabwo bitangaje.

Hano haribintu byiza byo kugurisha amashanyarazi arenze cyangwa kugura turbine yumuyaga. Amabwiriza ya reta (By'umwihariko, politiki y'ibikorwa rusange bya politiki yo mu 1978, cyangwa Purpa) isaba imbaraga zo guhuza no kugura imbaraga muri sisitemu ntoya y'ingufu z'umuyaga. Ariko, ugomba kuvugana nu mwanya wawe mbere yo guhuza imirongo yo gukwirakwiza kugirango ikemure ibibazo byimikorere cyangwa umutekano.

Ingirakamaro yawe irashobora kuguha urutonde rwibisabwa kugirango uhuze sisitemu yawe kuri gride. Kubindi bisobanuro, rebaSisitemu ifatanye mu rugo.

Imbaraga z'umuyaga zirashobora gukoreshwa muri sisitemu yo hanze, nanone yitwa Sisitemu-yonyine, idahujwe na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi cyangwa gride. Muri ibi bikorwa, sisitemu ntoya yumuyaga irashobora gukoreshwa muguhuza nibindi bice - harimo aIzuba Rito Amashanyarazi- Gukora uburyo bwa hybrid. Imbaraga zamashanyarazi zidasanzwe zirashobora gutanga imbaraga zizewe kumazu, imirima, cyangwa imiryango yose (umushinga ufata amazu, kurugero) uri kure yumurongo wingirakamaro.

Sisitemu yo hanze, sisitemu ya sybrid irashobora kuba ingirakamaro kuri wewe niba ibintu bikurikira bisobanura imiterere yawe:

• Utuye mu gace ufite impuzandengo y'umuyaga wa buri mwaka byibuze ibirometero 9 mu isaha (metero 4,0 kuri kabiri).
• Ihuza rya Grid ntabwo riboneka cyangwa rishobora gusa gukorwa binyuze mumashanyarazi ahenze. Ikiguzi cyo gukora umurongo w'amashanyarazi ku rubuga rwa kure kugirango uhuze na Grid yingirakamaro irashobora kubuzwa, kuva kuri $ 15,000 kugeza ku $ 50.000 $, bitewe na terrain.
• Urashaka kubona imbaraga zubwigenge kubushake.
• Urashaka kubyara imbaraga zisukuye.

Kubindi bisobanuro, reba gukora sisitemu yawe kuri gride.