Gushiraho no Kubungabunga Sisitemu Ntoya Yumuyagankuba

Uwakoze sisitemu yumuyaga wawe, cyangwa umucuruzi aho waguze, agomba kugufasha kwishyiriraho sisitemu ntoya yumuriro.Urashobora kwishyiriraho sisitemu wenyine - ariko mbere yo kugerageza umushinga, ibaze ibibazo bikurikira:

• Nshobora gusuka umusingi ukwiye?
• Mfite uburyo bwo guterura cyangwa uburyo bwo kubaka umunara neza?
• Nzi itandukaniro riri hagati yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi (AC) nuyoboro wa DC (DC)?
• Naba nzi bihagije kubyerekeranye n'amashanyarazi kugirango nkoreshe neza turbine yanjye?
• Nzi gufata neza no gushiraho bateri?

Niba wasubije oya kuri kimwe mubibazo byavuzwe haruguru, ugomba guhitamo guhitamo sisitemu yawe yashizwemo na sisitemu ihuza cyangwa ushyiraho.Menyesha uwagikoze kugirango agufashe, cyangwa ubaze ibiro bya leta byingufu hamwe nibikorwa byaho kugirango ubone urutonde rwabashizeho sisitemu.Urashobora kandi kugenzura urupapuro rwumuhondo kubatanga serivise yumuyaga.

Gushyira kwizerwa arashobora gutanga serivisi zinyongera nko kubyemerera.Menya niba ushyiraho amashanyarazi afite uruhushya, hanyuma ubaze references hanyuma ubigenzure.Urashobora kandi gushaka kugenzura hamwe na Biro yubucuruzi nziza.

Hamwe nogushiraho neza no kubungabunga, sisitemu ntoya yamashanyarazi igomba kumara imyaka 20 cyangwa irenga.Kubungabunga buri mwaka birashobora kubamo:

• Kugenzura no gukomera bolts hamwe nu mashanyarazi nkuko bikenewe
• Kugenzura imashini zo kubora hamwe numusore insinga kugirango uhagarike neza
• Kugenzura no gusimbuza icyaricyo cyose cyambarwa kiyobora kaseti kuri turbine, niba ari ngombwa
• Gusimbuza ibyuma bya turbine na / cyangwa ibyuma nyuma yimyaka 10 niba bikenewe.

Niba udafite ubuhanga bwo kubungabunga sisitemu, uwashizeho arashobora gutanga serivisi no kubungabunga gahunda.

Sisitemu yawe ikora cyangwa umucuruzi arashobora kugufasha mugushakisha ahantu heza kuri sisitemu yumuyaga.Bimwe mubitekerezo rusange birimo:

• Ibitekerezo byumuyaga- Niba utuye ahantu hagoye, witondere guhitamo ikibanza cyo kwishyiriraho.Niba ushyize umuyaga wawe hejuru yumuyaga cyangwa kuruhande rwumuyaga wumusozi, kurugero, uzabona uburyo bwo kubona umuyaga wiganje kuruta mu kayunguruzo cyangwa kuruhande rwibihembo (bikingiwe) kumusozi kumitungo imwe.Urashobora kugira ibikoresho bitandukanye byumuyaga mumitungo imwe.Usibye gupima cyangwa kumenya ibijyanye n'umuvuduko wumuyaga wumwaka, ugomba kumenya ibyerekezo byiganjemo umuyaga kurubuga rwawe.Usibye imiterere ya geologiya, ugomba gutekereza ku mbogamizi zihari, nk'ibiti, amazu, n'amasuka.Ugomba kandi gutegura imbogamizi zizaza, nkinyubako nshya cyangwa ibiti bitageze ku burebure bwuzuye.Turbine yawe igomba kuba yicaye hejuru yinyubako zose nibiti, kandi igomba kuba ifite metero 30 hejuru yikintu cyose kiri muri metero 300.
• Ibitekerezo bya sisitemu- Witondere kuva mucyumba gihagije cyo kuzamura no kumanura umunara kugirango ubungabunge.Niba umunara wawe urimo umusore, ugomba kwemerera umwanya winsinga zumusore.Sisitemu yaba ihagaze wenyine cyangwa ihujwe na gride, uzakenera kandi gufata uburebure bwinsinga ikora hagati ya turbine nu mutwaro (inzu, bateri, pompe zamazi, nibindi).Umubare munini w'amashanyarazi urashobora gutakara bitewe no kurwanya insinga - igihe insinga ikora, niko amashanyarazi abura.Gukoresha insinga nyinshi cyangwa nini nabyo bizongera ikiguzi cyo kwishyiriraho.Igihombo cyawe cyo gukoresha ni kinini mugihe ufite amashanyarazi ataziguye (DC) aho guhinduranya amashanyarazi (AC).Niba ufite insinga ndende ikora, nibyiza guhindura DC kuri AC.

Umuyaga muto wumuyaga ukoreshwa mubikorwa byo guturamo mubisanzwe ufite ubunini kuva kuri watt 400 kugeza kuri kilowati 20, bitewe numuriro w'amashanyarazi ushaka kubyara.

Inzu isanzwe ikoresha hafi kilowatt-10.932-yumuriro w'amashanyarazi ku mwaka (hafi kilowatt-911 ku kwezi).Bitewe n'umuvuduko mpuzandengo w’umuyaga muri kariya gace, turbine yumuyaga yagereranijwe hagati ya kilowati 5-15 byasabwa kugira uruhare runini muri iki cyifuzo.Umuyaga wa kilowatt 1.5 uzahuza ibyifuzo byurugo rusaba kilowatt-300 ku kwezi ahantu hamwe na kilometero 14 kumasaha (metero 6.26 kumasegonda) umuvuduko wumuyaga wumwaka.

Kugufasha kumenya ingano ya turbine uzakenera, banza ushyireho bije yingufu.Kuberako ingufu zisanzwe zihenze kuruta kubyara ingufu, kugabanya gukoresha urugo rwawe amashanyarazi birashoboka ko bizakoreshwa neza kandi bizagabanya ubunini bwa turbine yumuyaga ukeneye.

Uburebure bw umunara wa turbine yumuyaga nabwo bugira ingaruka kumashanyarazi turbine izabyara.Uruganda rugomba kugufasha kumenya uburebure bwumunara uzakenera.

Ikigereranyo cy'ingufu zituruka ku mwaka zituruka kuri turbine y'umuyaga (mu kilowatt-amasaha ku mwaka) nuburyo bwiza bwo kumenya niba n'umunara bizatanga amashanyarazi ahagije kugirango uhuze ibyo ukeneye.

Uruganda rukora umuyaga urashobora kugufasha kugereranya umusaruro ushobora gutegereza.Uruganda ruzakoresha ibarwa rushingiye kuri ibi bintu:

• Byumwihariko umuyaga turbine power curve
• Impuzandengo yumuyaga wumwaka kurubuga rwawe
• Uburebure bwumunara uteganya gukoresha
• Ikwirakwizwa ryumuyaga - igereranya ryamasaha umuyaga uzahuha kuri buri muvuduko mugihe cyumwaka.

Uwayikoze agomba kandi guhindura iyi mibare kugirango uburebure bwurubuga rwawe.

Kugirango ubone igereranya ryibanze ryimikorere ya turbine runaka, urashobora gukoresha formula ikurikira:

AEO = 0.01328 D.²V.³

Aho:

• AEO = Umwaka w'ingufu zisohoka (kilowatt-amasaha / umwaka)
• D = Diameter ya rotor, ibirenge
• V = Umwaka ugereranije umuvuduko wumuyaga, ibirometero-isaha (mph), kurubuga rwawe

Icyitonderwa: itandukaniro riri hagati yimbaraga nimbaraga nuko ingufu (kilowatts) nigipimo amashanyarazi akoreshwa, mugihe ingufu (kilowatt-amasaha) nubwinshi bwakoreshejwe.

Sisitemu ntoya yingufu zumuyaga irashobora guhuzwa na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.Ibi bita sisitemu ihuza sisitemu.Umuyoboro uhuza umuyaga urashobora kugabanya gukoresha amashanyarazi akoreshwa mumashanyarazi, ibikoresho, nubushyuhe bwamashanyarazi.Niba turbine idashobora gutanga imbaraga zingufu ukeneye, akamaro kagize itandukaniro.Iyo sisitemu yumuyaga itanga amashanyarazi arenze urugo rwawe rusaba, ibirenga byoherezwa cyangwa bigurishwa mubikorwa.

Hamwe nubu bwoko bwa gride ihuza, turbine yawe yumuyaga izakora gusa mugihe gride yingirakamaro iboneka.Mugihe umuriro w'amashanyarazi, turbine y'umuyaga isabwa kuzimya kubera impungenge z'umutekano.

Sisitemu ihujwe na gride irashobora kuba ingirakamaro mugihe ibintu bikurikira bihari:

• Utuye mu gace gafite umuvuduko wumuyaga wumwaka byibura kilometero 10 kumasaha (metero 4.5 kumasegonda).
• Amashanyarazi yatanzwe ningirakamaro ahenze mukarere kawe (hafi 10-15 cente kuri kilowatt-saha).
• Ibisabwa byingirakamaro muguhuza sisitemu yawe na gride yayo ntabwo ihenze cyane.

Hariho uburyo bwiza bwo kugurisha amashanyarazi arenze cyangwa kugura turbine z'umuyaga.Amabwiriza ya federasiyo (byumwihariko, amategeko agenga ibikorwa rusange bya leta agenga ibikorwa bya 1978, cyangwa PURPA) bisaba ibikorwa byingirakamaro guhuza no kugura ingufu muri sisitemu ntoya y’umuyaga.Ariko rero, ugomba guhamagara ibikorwa byawe mbere yo guhuza imirongo yabyo kugirango ukemure ubuziranenge bwumutekano numutekano.

Ibikoresho byawe birashobora kuguha urutonde rwibisabwa kugirango uhuze sisitemu yawe na gride.Kubindi bisobanuro, rebasisitemu ihuza ingufu za sisitemu.

Imbaraga z'umuyaga zirashobora gukoreshwa muri sisitemu ya off-grid, nanone yitwa sisitemu yihagararaho, idahujwe na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi cyangwa gride.Muri iyi porogaramu, sisitemu ntoya yamashanyarazi irashobora gukoreshwa hamwe nibindi bice - harimo asisitemu ntoya y'amashanyarazi- gukora sisitemu y'amashanyarazi.Imashanyarazi ya Hybrid irashobora gutanga ingufu zizewe zitari gride kumazu, imirima, ndetse nabaturage bose (umushinga wo guturamo, urugero) uri kure yumurongo wingenzi wegereye.

Sisitemu ya gride, amashanyarazi ya Hybrid irashobora kuba ingirakamaro kuri wewe mugihe ibintu bikurikira bisobanura uko umeze:

• Utuye ahantu hafite umuvuduko wumuyaga wumwaka byibura kilometero 9 kumasaha (metero 4.0 kumasegonda).
• Imiyoboro ya gride ntabwo iboneka cyangwa irashobora gukorwa gusa binyuze mugiciro gihenze.Igiciro cyo gukoresha umurongo w'amashanyarazi kurubuga rwa kure kugirango uhuze na gride yingirakamaro birashobora kubuzwa, kuva kumadorari 15,000 kugeza hejuru ya $ 50.000 kuri kilometero, bitewe nubutaka.
• Urashaka kubona ubwigenge bwingufu zingirakamaro.
• Urashaka kubyara ingufu zisukuye.

Kubindi bisobanuro, reba gukoresha sisitemu yawe kuri gride.